Wild Edible Tea Index, and Preparation Methods

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The Value of Wild Edible Teas

Rose Hip Tea — Rose hip tea from (Rosa multiflora)

Many commercial teas share a single primary ingredient, leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The truth is that nature has provided us with tens of thousands of plants that can be made into a vast assortment of beverages with a huge variety of health benefits, aromas, flavors, and consistencies. Eat The Planet is dedicated to introducing people to the benefits and potential uses of these wild edibles. Most of the herbs mentioned in the Wild Edible Tea Index at the bottom of the page are accessible to a large number of people, either in the wild or from specialized herbal stores.

Preparation Methods

Making beverages from wild edibles is an art as much as a science. The most important thing is to identify your herbs correctly and understand their health benefits and potential risks, if any. The second most important thing beneath that is a love for nature, experimentation and creativity. The preparation methods explained below are guidelines based on my own firsthand experiences of what I have found to be the easiest and most effective methods of preparing beverages from wild edibles.

There are a number of factors influencing your final product. These are a few considerations to keep in mind when creating your herbal teas:

Will you use single or multiple herbs, and in what quantities (for maximum control over taste and texture prepare all herbs singly and mix them afterwards)
When and how long to apply heat, if at all (heat may help transfer components from herbs to water)
Will you serve your beverage hot or cold
Weather to dilute the beverage, or mix the beverage with another (for a medicinal dose use a more concentrated liquid, but make sure you understand possible health risks, if any)
Will you add any sweeteners like sugar, honey, or maple syrup

Consider how these factors will affect your final product. Changing these factors can make a big difference and give you many options to work with. There is one rule of thumb for almost all preparations which is the more you chop up, or mash the herb the more surface area will be available to leech the herbal components into the water( I would recommend using a mortar and pestle).

Sassafras Root, preparing to boil, just needs water

Cooked Tea
One way to make an herbal beverage is to boil the herbs in water, then strain through a cloth or fine strainer to catch all the large pieces. Most herbs only need to be cooked for a few minutes to release the flavors and aromas into the water. Some things like Sassafras root or Smilax root should be cooked for a little longer (about 15-30 minutes) depending on how concentrated you want the resulting liquid.

Some herbs lose their nutritional or medicinal properties when cooked, for example: pine needles contain vitamin C which gets broken down during cooking. Most leafy plants and plant parts don’t need to be cooked, but heat can still play a part in processing them into an herbal tea. In this case they should be steeped in hot water.

Steeped Tea

Japanese Knotweed Tea, Just needs to be strained

Steeping herbs in hot water can be a good way to transfer components to the water without destroying beneficial ones. The water can be boiled first or to make a single cup, microwaved. One traditional way of steeping tea is to buy a mesh tea ball and steep for a few minutes. I have found that with many wild edibles, including small branches and whole leaves, it is easier to just put the herbs right in a cup or pot, you should have 2 to 4 times more water than herbs by volume. Then let it steep. The time it steeps can range dramatically from a few minutes to about a half hour. The final stage is to pour the beverage into another cup or large container with a tea strainer, or any other fine mesh strainer.

Sometimes cooking or even heating releases unwanted flavors into your tea, for example if Staghorn Sumac berries are heated in water some of the bitter flavors from the stem leech into the water. In this case an infusion would be your best option.

Infused Tea

Winter Infusion — Spruce, Sassafras, and Eastern Red Cedar Infusion

An herbal infusion is used when you want to retain color, nutrients, and impart milder flavors from the herbal source into your beverage. Certain fruits like staghorn sumac, and most flowers are typically infused when using them in tea making. A cold infusion is made by simply placing the herbs in a container(usually glass) with water for a certain period of time. Infusing takes quite a bit longer than cooking or steeping. The infusion time can range from a few hours to a few days, and can either be in room temperature or refrigerated. I have found that refrigeration works well, I can keep the herbs in the tea until I have finished drinking it, usually a week or two. If you choose to infuse in room temperature for longer than 2-3 days keep an eye out for mold growing on your herbs.

Infusion can also be done after either cooking or steeping. If you want a stronger flavor, simply leave the herbs in the liquid and keep refrigerated. From what I have seen this is not a common practice but I have found it works well for me. I keep my small tea strainer handy and use it to filter out large pieces every time I pour a glass.

A Final Word On Wild Edible Tea Making
Wild edible tea making is an area of foraging and natural eating that I had often overlooked. Since I started experimenting with making herbal beverages it has become a very exciting part of my experience with wild edibles. I hope you enjoy this process as much as I do, and feel free to post some of your recipes below.

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